5月28日，马来西亚总理安瓦尔・易卜拉欣和越南总理范明政在吉隆坡出席东盟-海合会经济论坛。图片来源：JOSHUA PAUL FOR FORTUNE
马来西亚总理和越南总理近日表示，他们最关心的问题是人工智能带来的风险——包括AI缺乏价值观的问题，它对就业的威胁问题，以及它对国家主权的威胁，等等。
本周三，马来西亚总理安瓦尔・易卜拉欣和越南总理范明政出席了《财富》杂志在吉隆坡举办的“东盟-海合会经济论坛”。论坛期间，两位总理均表示，两国需要积极拥抱人工智能这一新兴技术，但他们也对如何管好人工智能技术表示了担忧。
马来西亚和越南都是东盟成员，也被国际社会视为“中等强国”，在全球地缘政治经济中扮演着重要角色。当然，它们也得遵守中美这样的超级大国划定的规则。
目前，全球有许多国家都在投资研发所谓的“主权人工智能”，也就是根据本国语言文化量身打造的人工智能，以避免完全依赖由中美两国开发和训练的模型。
不过在本周三，安瓦尔在讲话中指出，在人工智能时代，国家主权可能已经是一个稍显过时的概念了。
安瓦尔说：“政府的存在是为了保护主权，但主权这个词出现的要比新技术早。”
他提出，各国或许可以制定新的规则，“允许AI独立运行，而不必受制于单个国家的法律”。这有点像现在外国使领馆的运作方式（也就是享有一定的外事豁免权）。
安瓦尔探讨了AI模型可能会拥有哪些价值观。他还问道：“人类真的能被这种新技术和机器完全支配吗？”他也承认，国家和政府无法取代AI，但是可以“通过灌输价值观来保护我们的身份、信仰和个性”。
越南总理范明政也参加了周三上午的研讨会，他更关注AI对经济有可能造成的影响。
“是人类发明了人工智能，而不是人工智能发明了人类。我们不能允许人工智能凌驾于人类之上，完全取代人类，夺走我们的工作，甚至剥夺人们的创造力。”他说。
“我们不应该允许这样的事发生。”
地缘政治问题
安瓦尔还指出，在AI领域，也存在地缘政治的问题。他表示：“中国是一个重要邻国。”不过他也强调，美国仍然是马来西亚的头号投资国，而且马来西亚产的60%的电子产品都出口到了美国。
他表示：“我们必须站在全球高度看待地缘政治问题，而不是单纯地站在国家或区域利益角度。”
由于美国对华实施了严格的芯片出口管制，安瓦尔也反复向西方和中国芯片企业强调，马来西亚在这个问题是中立的，不会选边站队。
近几个月以来，马来西亚的芯片战略受到了美国的密切审视。上周，马来西亚政府一位部长称，马来西亚有可能允许该国使用华为芯片，这番言论引起了特朗普政府的“芯片沙皇”大卫·萨克斯的关注，他还将这则新闻发布在了自己的X账号上。（这位马来西亚部长后来撤回了自己的表态，华为公司随后也向《财富》证实，华为未在马来西亚销售过任何AI芯片。）
助力“全球南方”
在本周三的研讨会上，嘉宾们还就技术公平的问题展开了讨论。
无论是发达国家还是发展中国家，都需要更多电力来推动AI革命。肖鹏认为，目前全球数据中心的耗电量约为60GW，但要全面推动社会向AI转型，还需要500GW的发电量。
范明政表示，在这个问题上，发达国家有责任向“全球南方”伸出援手。“没有任何一个国家和任何一个人能单独解决这一问题。”
范明政说：“我希望那些富裕国家和发达国家能为发展中国家提供更多援助，以促进人工智能的发展。只有这样，我们才能真正实现普惠发展，不让任何一个国家掉队。”（财富中文网）
译者：朴成奎
The risks of AI–its lack of values, the possible threat to jobs, and the challenge to sovereignty–were top of mind for two Southeast Asian leaders on Wednesday.
Both Malaysia Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim and Vietnam Prime Minister Pham Minh Chính, speaking at Fortune’s ASEAN-GCC Economic Forum in Kuala Lumpur, agreed their countries needed to embrace the new technology, but worried about how to best manage the new technology’s transformative potential.
Malaysia and Vietnam are both members of the intergovernmental Association of Southeast Asian Nations and are often considered “middle powers”: Significant countries with important roles to play in global geopolitics and economics, yet that still operate within constraints set by major powers like the U.S. and China.
Many countries are now investing in “sovereign AI,” or AI tailored to their own national language and culture, so as to avoid relying entirely on models developed and trained in the U.S. or in China.
Yet on Wednesday, Anwar suggested the idea of national sovereignty may be slightly out of date in the AI age.
“Governments are there to protect sovereignty, but the word ‘sovereignty’ actually predates new technology,” Anwar said.
He suggested countries may need new rules “that allow AI to operate independently without having to subject itself to laws of the country,” similar to how foreign embassies (with some level of protection from the sovereign government) operate today.
Anwar also spoke broadly on what values an AI model might hold. “Can human beings be dictated purely by this new technology and machines?” he asked. While he accepted that countries couldn’t replace AI, they could “protect our identity, our faith, our personality through inculcation of values.”
Chính, who joined Anwar on Wednesday morning, focused on how AI might disrupt the economy.
“People invent AI, not the other way around,” he said. “We cannot allow AI to prevail against humans, to entirely replace humans, to take away the jobs we have and rob creativity from the people.”
“That is something that we simply shall not allow,” he added.
Geopolitical tension
Anwar noted the geopolitical trickiness that comes in the AI space. “China is an important neighbor,” he said. Yet he emphasized that the U.S. remains the “number one” investor in Malaysia, and that 60% of the country’s electronics exports are bound for the U.S.
“We have to navigate [geopolitics] as a global strategy, not purely dictated by national or regional interests,” he said.
Anwar has repeatedly pitched Malaysia as “neutral territory” to both Western and Chinese chip firms, as the U.S. imposes strict controls on the sale of advanced chips and chipmaking tools to Chinese companies.
Malaysia’s place in the chip sector has come under U.S. scrutiny in recent months. Last week, a Malaysian minister’s comment that the country would deploy Huawei’s AI chips in the country caught the eye of David Sacks, the Trump administration’s “AI czar,” who posted the news on X. (The minister in question later retracted her remarks, and Huawei later confirmed to Fortune that it hadn’t sold any AI chips in Malaysia.)
Helping the Global South
The panelists on Wednesday’s discussion wrestled with the question of fairness.
And much more electricity–in both the developed and developing worlds–will be needed to power the AI revolution. Xiao estimated the world currently has about 60 gigawatts of data centers, yet suggested that as much as 500 gigawatts will be needed to fully power the shift to AI.
Yet Chính pointed out that it’s up to the developed world to extend that helping hand to the Global South. “No single country or individual can tackle this problem alone.”
“I do hope that wealthier countries, developed countries, can put in greater assistance for poorer developing countries to foster this AI growth,” he said. “Only then can we achieve truly inclusive development where no one is left behind.”